Nanofiltration of lactic acid whey: A process to improve the dryability and the quality of powder

Nanofiltration of lactic acid whey: A process to improve the dryability and the quality of powder. 6. European Drying Conference: EuroDrying 201

Long-Term Alterations of Cytokines and Growth Factors Expression in Irradiated Tissues and Relation with Histological Severity Scoring

PURPOSE: Beside its efficacy in cancer treatment, radiotherapy induces degeneration of healthy tissues within the irradiated area. The aim of this study was to analyze the variations of proinflammatory (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ), profibrotic (TGF-β1), proangiogneic (VEGF) and stem cell mobilizing (GM-CSF) cytokines and growth factors in an animal model of radiation-induced tissue degeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 rats were irradiated unilaterally on the hindlimb at a monodose of 30 Gy. Six weeks (n=8), 6 months (n=8) and 1 year (n=8) after irradiation the mediators expression in skin and muscle were analyzed using Western blot and the Bio-Plex® protein array (BPA) technology. Additional histological severity for fibrosis, inflammation, vascularity and cellularity alterations scoring was defined from histology and immnunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS: A significant increase of histological severity scoring was found in irradiated tissue. Skin tissues were more radio-sensitive than muscle. A high level of TGF-β1 expression was found throughout the study and a significant relation was evidenced between TGF-β1 expression and fibrosis scoring. Irradiated tissue showed a chronic inflammation (IL-2 and TNF-α significantly increased). Moreover a persistent expression of GM-CSF and VEGF was found in all irradiated tissues. The vascular score was related to TGF-β1 expression and the cellular alterations score was significantly related with the level of IL-2, VEGF and GM-CSF. CONCLUSION: The results achieved in the present study underline the complexity and multiplicity of radio-induced alterations of cytokine network. It offers many perspectives of development, for the comprehension of the mechanisms of late injuries or for the histological and molecular evaluation of the mode of action and the efficacy of rehabilitation techniques

Connaissance de la carcinogenèse des carcinomes de la tête et du cou (intérêt du transfert du gène de la protéine P53 dans les carcinomes épidermoïdes de la tête et du cou par vecteurs synthétiques dérivés de la polyéthylénimine)

NANCY1-SCD Medecine (545472101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Modélisation de dégénérescence tissulaire radio-induite et conceptualisation de réhabilitation des tissus irradiés par thérapie cellulaire

La radiothérapie induit des séquelles aigues puis tardives affectant les tissus sains inclus dans le volume irradié. D'une façon générale, le processus lésionnel se caractérise par une ischémie vasculaire, une apoptose cellulaire et une fibrose cicatricielle. Dans ce contexte, la thérapie cellulaire à l'aide de cellules souches mésenchymateuses médullaires CSMM pourrait constituer une nouvelle approche thérapeutique séduisante, les CSMM ayant une capacité intrinsèque à promouvoir l'angiogenèse et une implication dans les processus naturels de réparation tissulaire. La première partie de ce travail a consisté à la mise au point de modèles murins présentant un processus de dégénérescence tissulaire similaire à celui survenant après radiothérapie. L'objectif étant d'affiner la compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques des lésions tissulaires radio-induites et de déterminer une stratégie thérapeutique la plus adaptée possible. La seconde partie de ce travail a été consacrée à l'évaluation de la faisabilité d'une autogreffe de CSMM dans le modèle murin d'irradiation précédemment établi en répondant à deux pré-requis : la rétention des cellules injectées au niveau du tissu cible et l'évaluation de la greffe sur le métabolisme osseux. Cette investigation préclinique sur un modèle murin a permis de réaliser une étape essentielle dans l'évaluation du traitement des lésions tissulaires radio-induites par thérapie cellulaire. Les données issues de ces travaux pourraient à terme permettre la mise en place d'études cliniques.Radiation therapy induced acute and late sequelae within healthy tissue included in the irradiated area. In general, lesions are characterized by ischemia, cell apoptosis and fibrosis. In this context, cell therapy using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) might represent an attractive new therapeutic approach, based partly on their angiogenic ability and their involvement in the natural processes of tissue repair. The first part of this work consisted in the development of experimental mouse model of radio-induced tissue degeneration similar to that occurring after radiotherapy. The aim was to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms of radiation-induced tissue damage and to determine the best treatment strategy. The second part of this work investigated the feasibility of autologous BMSC therapy on the murine model of radiation previously established with emphasis on two pre-requisites : the retention of the injected cells within the target tissue and the evaluation of the graft on bone metabolism. This preclinical investigation in a mouse model constitutes an essential step allowing an evaluation of the benefit of cell therapy for the treatment of radiation-induced tissue injury. Data from these studies could allow the proposal of clinical studies.NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Photodynamic diagnosis with methyl-5-aminolevulinate in squamous intraepithelial lesions of the vulva: Experimental research

International audienceThe incidence of the High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion of the vulva, formerly vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia is progressively increasing. Today, an early detection and a precise localization of vulvar lesions are still problematic issues, due to the lack of accuracy of the available diagnostic tool. A new approach is the photodynamic diagnosis based on the fluorescence detection of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in cancer cells after topical application of a cream of methyl amino-levulinic acid. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photodiagnosis in order to discriminate the intensity of PpIX fluorescence between vulvar tumor and healthy skin. After topical application of the cream, the fluorescence on xenografted A431 tumor and adjacent skin was non-invasively measured with optical fiber. The tumor to skin fluorescence ratios were 1.38 and 1.41 at respectively 3h and 6h after application, which were significantly higher compared to those observed before application. PpIX accumulation at different depths of the tumor was investigated by spectrofluorimetry after PpIX chemical extraction from tumor sections at 3h and 6h post-application. It was noticed at both application times that the concentration of PpIX within the tumor progressively decreased. However PpIX fluorescence was always detectable up to 2.5 mm, a depth equivalent to more than three quarters of the tumor. The tumor to exposed skin ratios of PpIX fluorescence showed a good selectivity up to1mm depth at 3h post-application and up to 1.5mm at 6h post-m-ALA. Thus, the photodynamic diagnosis using in vivo topical methyl amino-levulinic acid appears to be a promising way to detect the intraepithelial lesions of the vulva. Our results open the possibility for implementation of topical methyl amino-levulinic acid in clinical settings for recognition of vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions

Temoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy for advanced, incurable head and neck cancer: a multicenter study

Background: The aim of this multicenter study was to confirm the antitumor efficacy of Foscan®-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with advanced, end-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: Thirty-nine patients with HNSCC lesions ≤ 10 mm in depth, recurring following standard treatment, were intravenously injected with Foscan®, followed 96 hours later by illumination of the tumor surface with 652 nm laser light. Tumor response was assessed on an intent-to-treat basis using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Results: Of 39 treated patients 19 obtained a complete response (CR), 2 a partial response (PR), 5 a stable disease (SD) for at least 8 weeks, 5 patients had progressive disease (PD) and 8 patients were non-evaluable (NE). Thus, in the per-protocol analysis 68% of the patients obtained an objective tumor response (CR: 61%, PR: 6.5%). Of the treated patients 54% [95% CI: 37%; 70%] showed an objective tumor response (CR 49%). Median survival was significantly longer for responders (160 weeks) than for non-responders (32 weeks). No major toxicities were observed. Conclusions: Patients with advanced head and neck cancer with lesions ≤ 10 mm in depth, who have exhausted other treatment options, can achieve significant local control and survival benefit from Foscan®-mediated PDT. As opposed to conventional treatment modalities, this treatment is tolerated wellstatus: publishe

A Comparison of the Clinical and Radiological Extent of Denosumab (Xgeva®) Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Retrospective Study

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe side effect of antiresorptive medication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and to compare the clinical and radiological extent of osteonecrosis. A retrospective study of patients who received Xgeva® at the Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine (ICL) was performed. Patients for whom clinical and radiological (CBCT) data were available were divided into two groups: “exposed” for patients with bone exposure and “fistula” when only a fistula through which the bone could be probed was observed. The difference between clinical and radiological extent was assessed. The p-value was set at 0.05, and a total of 246 patients were included. The cumulative incidence of osteonecrosis was 0.9% at 6 months, 7% at 12 months, and 15% from 24 months. The clinical extent of MRONJ was significantly less than their radiological extent: in the “exposed” group, 17 areas (45%) were less extensive clinically than radiologically (p < 0.001) and respectively 6 (67%) for the “fistula” group (p < 0.031). It would seem that a CBCT is essential to know the real extent of MRONJ. Thus, it would seem interesting to systematically perform a CBCT during the diagnosis of MRONJ, exploring the entire affected dental arch

A rare case of extremely high counts of circulating tumor cells detected in a patient with an oral squamous cell carcinoma

International audienceBACKGROUND:Despite aggressive regimens, the clinical outcome of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains poor. The detection of circulating tumor cells could potentially improve the management of patients with disseminated cancer, including diagnosis, treatment strategies, and surveillance. Currently, CellSearch(®) is the most widely used and the only Food and Drug Administration-cleared system for circulating tumor cells detection in patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer. In most cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, only low counts of circulating tumor cells have been reported.CASE PRESENTATION:A 56-year-old white male with no particular medical history, was diagnosed with a squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity. According to the imaging results (computed tomography and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography / computed tomography) and panendoscopy, the TNM staging was classified as T4N2M0. A non-interruptive pelvimandibulectomy was conducted according to the multidisciplinary meeting advices and the postoperative observations were normal. The patient complained of a painful cervical edema and a trismus 6 weeks after the surgery. A relapse was found by computed tomography and the patient died two weeks later. The search for circulating tumor cells in peripheral venous blood by using the CellSearch(®) system revealed a very high count compared with published reports at three time points (pre-operative: 400; intra-operative: 150 and post-operative day 7: 1400 circulating tumor cells). Of note, all detected circulating tumor cells were epidermal growth factor receptor negative.CONCLUSION:We report here for the first time a rare case of oral squamous cell carcinoma with extremely high circulating tumor cells counts using the CellSearch(®) system. The absolute number of circulating tumor cells might predict a particular phase of cancer development as well as a poor survival, potentially contributing to a personalized healthcare

Current Approaches to Salvage Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Salvage surgeries of head and neck cancer are often complicated and do not always show decent results. This type of procedure is tough on the patient, as many crucial organs can be affected. A long period of reeducation usually follows the surgery because of the need to rehabilitate functions such as speech or swallowing. In order to lighten the journey of the patients, it is important to develop new technologies and techniques to ease the surgery and limit its damages. This seems even more crucial since progress has been made in the past years, allowing more salvage therapy to take place. This article aims at showing the available tools and procedures for salvage surgeries, such as transoral robotic surgery, free-flap surgery, sentinel node mapping, and many others, that help the work of the medical team to operate or obtain a better understanding of the status of the cancer when taken in charge. Yet, the surgical procedure is not the only thing determining the outcome of the operation. The patient themself and their cancer history also play an important part in the care and must be acknowledged